{"id":282980,"date":"2025-05-08T20:17:37","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T10:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/?p=282980"},"modified":"2025-05-08T20:28:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T10:28:55","slug":"khedivial-post-office-steamers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"Khedivial post office steamers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Maritime mail represents a central aspect of the development of communication networks in Egypt during the second half of the nineteenth century, and the \u201cKhedival Post Steamers\u201d were one of the most prominent tools of this transformation, as they played a pivotal role in linking Egypt\u2019s ports with regional and international trade centers.<\/span> <span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">In this research, we highlight the organizational and functional dimensions of these ships, and the rare postal documents and seals that reflect the nature of the service, its operating conditions, and the political and economic contexts that accompanied it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">This work aims to provide an accurate documentary reading based on original stamp sources and postal documents, contributing to a deeper understanding of Egypt\u2019s role in the maritime postal field during the Khedival era and beyond.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"359\" height=\"573\" data-id=\"282984\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-282984\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"578\" height=\"800\" data-id=\"282985\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture3.jpg\" alt=\"Promotional posters for Khedivial mail ships\" class=\"wp-image-282985\"\/><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"> Some advertising posters for Khedivial postal ships<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/#%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >The origins of the Khedivial Post Office<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/#%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >Khedivial post office seals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9\/#%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >Khedivial postal ships<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>The origins of the Khedivial Post Office<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">The company was founded <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khedivial Post Office<\/a> Under the name <strong>Al-Majidiyah Company<\/strong><strong>Medjidieh Company<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong> On February 1, 1857, it flew the Ottoman flag, and its main activity was centered in the Red Sea ports. Upon assuming <strong>Ismail Pasha<\/strong> The Khedive&#039;s position was established by a mandate issued on May 4, 1863. <strong>Egyptian Steam Navigation Company (<\/strong><strong>Egyptian Company for Steam Navigation<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Although it was nominally a private company, the Khedive had a direct financial stake in it, and it was subject to strict government control.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">The new company acquired the fleet of the Majidiya Company, which at the time consisted of six ships. On April 7, 1864, the company was granted a monopoly on the transport of passengers and goods via the Nile River and Egyptian canals, and the Ottoman Sultan authorized it to use the name <strong>Al-Azizia Egyptian Company (<\/strong><strong>Azizieh Misri Company<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>. The fleet quickly expanded by purchasing new ships, enabling the company to extend its operations to include inland navigation, in addition to the Mediterranean and Red Seas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">A postal announcement dated May 3, 1865, announced weekly sailings from Alexandria and Suez; sailings from Alexandria reached Constantinople in three and a half days. Red Sea services became less frequent, with sailings occurring approximately every ten days by 1867. Despite this expansion, the company continued to incur financial losses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-282989 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1_c52985a31e9ae83dc1326192d62df528-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"382\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1_c52985a31e9ae83dc1326192d62df528-1-768x573.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1_c52985a31e9ae83dc1326192d62df528-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 382px) 100vw, 382px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">In 1870, the Egyptian government decided to take full control of the company, changing its name to <strong>Khedivial Mail Steamer Administration<\/strong><strong>Administration des Paquebots Postes Khediviaux<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>. The service was temporarily suspended in 1877 due to the Russo-Turkish War, but resumed in June 1878. With losses continuing, it was eventually decided to sell the company to a British firm in 1898, and its name was changed to <strong>The Khedivial Postal and Dock Company<\/strong><strong>Khedivial Mail and Graving Dock Company<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">For simplicity, historians often refer to this company as <strong>Khedivial postal line (<\/strong><strong>Khedivial Mail Line \u2013 KML<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>Regardless of the official designations that have changed over time.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>Khedivial post office seals<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Official maritime postal services (the Khedivial Post Office) and private services can be distinguished based on the service provider. In cases where no government post office operated on board ships, the ship&#039;s employee would (<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Purser<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">) with postal duties, and was often equipped with a special postal seal. These seals identified the ship&#039;s name or the name of the operating company, but mostly did not include dates. The oldest known seals for a private shipping line are those of Ottoman steamships.<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Piroscafi Ottomani<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">It was an Italian company that primarily served Constantinople and the ports of the Aegean Sea. It had a short-lived agency in Alexandria, and there are envelopes without stamps, but bearing its seal, examples of which have been documented dating back to 1863. Finding such envelopes is very rare (fewer than five pieces have been recorded).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">These seals served as an informal identification tool for the maritime postal service, but they are of great statutory importance, as they reflect transport routes and service operators.<\/span> <span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">It is noted that some of these seals were later used for internal or promotional purposes within the same companies, which opens the door to distinguishing between genuine postal use and administrative or commercial use.<\/span> <span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Despite their rarity, studying these seals enables the researcher to trace the development of informal maritime mail and the extent of its overlap with official postal networks in Egypt and abroad.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture4.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the Khedivial postal seals\" class=\"wp-image-282986\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture4-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture4.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Some of the seals of the maritime postal service of the Khedivial Post Office<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-right\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>Khedivial postal ships<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">The Khedivial postal service ships, which operated on the Mediterranean and Red Seas, used at least five types of promotional stamps. Some enthusiasts even used these stamps as tools for invalidating stamps, although they were not part of the official postal system. These stamps were classified under the category known as the symbol. <strong>SP.P<\/strong><strong>\u2013<\/strong> (Abbreviated as <strong>Sea Post \u2013 Private<\/strong>), which is a category used for informal documentation in philatelic studies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 115%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">The registered seals included the names of the following ships:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>RODA<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>BOULAC<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>RASHID<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>TAIF<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>TALODI<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>BELKAS<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"483\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture5.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-282990\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture5-768x464.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture5-780x470.jpg 780w, https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture5.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><p dir=\"RTL\"><strong><em>Envelope F. Hendrey sent with the seal of the ship S\/S RODA from Greece dated 4 February 1929, arrived in Alexandria on 9 February 1929.<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 261.3pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Most of the envelopes available on the market come from a well-known stamp dealer in Alexandria named F. Hendrey. Between 1928 and 1932, he produced a large quantity of envelopes stamped with these seals, often with handwritten addresses, either to himself (Barclays Bank or a post office box) or to other customers. Although these envelopes appear to be forgeries, they did travel through the postal service and were stamped with valid, valued stamps, making them genuine postal items rather than entirely fabricated. Later, Hendrey became more daring, using stamps from countries other than Egypt. For example, envelopes stamped with Belgian Equatorial (Belgian Congo) stamps have been recorded. Although Hendrey produced a diverse range of envelopes, those that survive are now rare, and very few have traveled with postal seals. Some seals have only six envelopes, and others have only three.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-282991\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture6-768x516.png 768w, https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture6.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><p dir=\"RTL\"><strong><em><strong>F. Hendrey envelope, stamped S\/S BOULAC, sent to Alexandria, arrived on 20 September 1929.<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"p1\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 150%; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">The reason these envelopes were approved for sending was that during the Vienna Congress of the Universal Postal Union (<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">UPU<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">In 1891, a special convention for mail outgoing from ships was developed to regulate the handling of mail sent from the high seas (outside territorial waters).<\/span> <span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">The agreement stipulated that letters sent from aboard ships would be considered properly paid if they bore the stamps of the country whose flag the ship flies, or the stamps of the country where the ship last called, provided that they were delivered to the post office in the port by a ship&#039;s officer.<\/span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">Purser<\/span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-family: 'Dubai',sans-serif;\">).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" src=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-282992\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture7-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/pub-8c6367eeb78947fb9a67f9647334fc7f.r2.dev\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Picture7.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p dir=\"RTL\"><strong><em><strong>F. Hendrey envelope, stamped S\/S BOULAC, sent to Alexandria, arrived on 20 September 1929.<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Smith, Peter AS.<br \/>Egypt: Stamps &amp; Postal History \u2013 A Philatelic Treatise.<br \/>Lichtenstein Press, 1999.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Union Postale Universelle.<br \/>Proc\u00e8s-verbaux du Congr\u00e8s de Vienne, 1891.<br \/>Berne: Bureau International de l&#039;UPU, 1892.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Hogarth, David.<br \/>The Khedivial Mail Line and the Egyptian Steam Navigation Company.<br \/>Egyptian Philatelic Society Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1982.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">Mahmoud Hassan.<br \/>An archival and documentary study of the Arabic records in the Diwan of the Khedivial Post Office.<br \/>The Arab Researcher Portal \u201cI Want\u201d, 2021.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">National Archives - Egypt.<br \/>Archives of the Khedivial Post Office, Correspondence Register 1865\u20131898.<br \/>(Unpublished official documentary stock, available to researchers for direct viewing).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">For more similar topics, you can browse the Arab collector&#039;s website through <a href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/king-farouk-and-the-promotion-of-stamp-collecting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Link<\/a> the next:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-the-arab-collector wp-block-embed-the-arab-collector\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"ES4TkIXVdZOgx\"><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"H1qal3Rd8b\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/king-farouk-and-the-promotion-of-stamp-collecting\/\">King Farouk and the promotion of stamp collecting<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cKing Farouk and the Spread of Stamp Collecting\u201d \u2014 The Arab Collector\" src=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%84%d9%83-%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%82-%d9%88%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d9%87%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%b9\/embed\/#?secret=V8rpHeBeuz#?secret=H1qal3Rd8b\" data-secret=\"H1qal3Rd8b\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maritime mail represented a central aspect of the development of communication networks in Egypt during the second half of the nineteenth century, and the Khedivial postal steamers were among the most prominent instruments of this transformation, playing a pivotal role in connecting Egyptian ports with regional and international trade centers. This research sheds light on the organizational and functional dimensions of these vessels, and on the services they provided\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2440,"featured_media":282997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wpupg_custom_link":[],"wpupg_custom_link_behaviour":[],"wpupg_custom_link_nofollow":[],"wpupg_custom_image":[],"wpupg_custom_image_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2074,2073,2890,318],"tags":[2909,2911,2910,2912,2905,2908,2906,2907,2539,2891,2899,2903,2900,2901,2893,2902,2897,2894,2895,2896,2898,2904,2892],"class_list":["post-282980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-post-marks","category-postal-history","category-sea-mail","category-philately","tag-19th-century-egypt","tag-alexandria-port","tag-egyptian-postal-history","tag-historical-shipping-routes","tag-khedivial-mail-line","tag-maritime-transport-egypt","tag-sea-mail","tag-steamship-history","tag-2539","tag-2891","tag-2899","tag-2903","tag-2900","tag-2901","tag-2893","tag-2902","tag-2897","tag-2894","tag-2895","tag-2896","tag-2898","tag-2904","tag-2892"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/282980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2440"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=282980"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/282980\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/282997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=282980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=282980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=282980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}