{"id":271559,"date":"2020-10-11T21:54:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-11T20:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arabcollector.com\/?p=271559"},"modified":"2022-06-04T11:34:45","modified_gmt":"2022-06-04T01:34:45","slug":"the-small-change-crisis-in-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"The small change crisis in Egypt in 1941"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 ez-toc-wrap-left counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/#%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7\" >Nickel metal globally<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/#%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89\" >The impact of nickel on the Egyptian market<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89\" >military order<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >Egyptian regions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9\" >Breakthrough<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-heading\" id=\"0-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7\"><\/span><strong>Nickel metal globally<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1941\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 %80 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89\"><\/span>impact <strong>Nickel on the Egyptian market<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p dir=\"rtl\">News of the high price of nickel spread among greedy individuals in Egypt, leading some manipulators (as described by Egyptian newspapers) to hoard nickel coins circulating in the markets. This made it difficult for the public to exchange money and obtain small change. The crisis worsened in October 1941, creating a shortage of small change known as the &quot;change crisis.&quot; An Egyptian newspaper, published on October 23, 1941, reported that merchants were demanding 6 to 10 piasters to break down a pound into piasters and two-piaster coins. The newspaper also noted that tram and bus workers, as well as passengers, were suffering due to the crisis, as they lacked change, leading to disruptions in tram and bus services. Shopkeepers were also affected by the crisis, but they faced greater difficulties than tram and bus workers due to their different circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89\"><\/span><strong>military order<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p dir=\"rtl\">Returning to the previous day, October 22, 1941, Military Order No. 188 concerning nickel and bronze coins was issued. This order was issued on the first day of Eid al-Fitr, as the shortage of small change was particularly acute during Ramadan due to the public&#039;s increased need for small bills. Based on this order, Egyptian security forces raided several homes and shops, seizing large quantities of nickel coins that their owners had hoarded. The seized coins were then released into circulation, and the Ministry of Finance announced a reward of one-quarter of the confiscated amount for anyone who provided information leading to the arrest of someone withdrawing nickel coins from circulation for hoarding. Regarding postage stamps, a newspaper article noted that postage stamps had become a substitute for small change in many shops. Shop owners and customers would either complete the missing piaster or two with stamps of the same denomination. Other shops refused to deal with postage stamps, and their employees would ask those wishing to buy if they had \u201cchange\u201d before they offered them what they wanted to buy.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span><strong>Egyptian regions<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p dir=\"rtl\">In Daqahliya, nickel coins disappeared from the markets until transactions became limited to the exchange of postage stamps. The passenger would pay the fare twenty millimes in postage stamps and take the change of five piasters in postage stamps. Bus workers and craftsmen accepted dealing with postage stamps, but railway employees refused the stamps.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9-\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0627<strong>For a breakthrough<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<p dir=\"rtl\">The crisis began to ease gradually after the British Embassy agreed to the Ministry of Finance\u2019s request to transfer quantities of nickel coins minted in Birmingham, which arrived in November of the same year. The crisis was completely resolved in December, specifically on the first day of Eid al-Adha, when King Farouk recommended that the Ministry of Finance open its doors on the first day of the Eid holiday to distribute large quantities of nickel coins to companies, cinemas, and hotels.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dr. Mazen Ibrahim<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Sources: Egyptian newspapers between October and December 1941<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the escalating tensions of World War II, and beginning in the second quarter of 1941, nickel became scarce globally, making it difficult to procure for coinage due to its use in weapons manufacturing. Priority in supplying the metal shifted to war factories rather than mints, and the price of nickel ore skyrocketed, transforming the metal into a strategic commodity in high demand\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1509,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"wpupg_custom_link":[],"wpupg_custom_link_behaviour":[],"wpupg_custom_link_nofollow":[],"wpupg_custom_image":[],"wpupg_custom_image_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[308],"tags":[309,303,304,305],"class_list":["post-271559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-coins","tag-egypt","tag-303","tag-304","tag-305"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1509"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=271559"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/271559\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=271559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=271559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arabcollector.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=271559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}